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Contents

Preface for Instructors ix Editors' Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 Jane E. Goodman, Jennifer Meta Robinson, and Leila Monaghan Part I: Ethnographer's Toolkit 7 1 Body Ritual among the Nacirema 9 Horace Miner 2 Culture Blends 12 Michael Agar 3 Culture: Can You Take It Anywhere? 24 Michael Agar 4 Five Principles 27 Richard Bauman 5 Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture 29 Clifford Geertz 6 Winking as Social Business 32 Jane E. Goodman 7 Speaking of Ethnography 34 Leila Monaghan 8 The Emergent Quality of Performance 38 Richard Bauman 9 Poetics, Play, Process, and Power: The Performative Turn in Anthropology 41 Dwight Conquergood Part II: Applying the Ethnographer's Toolkit 45 10 Greetings in the Desert 47 Ibrahim Ag Youssouf, Allen D. Grimshaw, and Charles S. Bird 11 Let Your Words Be Few: Symbolism of Speaking and Silence among Seventeenth-Century Quakers 60 Richard Bauman 12 "To Give Up on Words": Silence in Western Apache Culture 73 Keith Basso 13 Saying Hello in a Digital World: Emergent Performance and Social Competence 84 Jennifer Meta Robinson 14 Writing Cousin Joe: Choice and Control Over Orthographic Representation in a Blues Singer's Autobiography 93 Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer 15 And Then She Texted Me: Entextualization and the End of Relationships 110 Ilana Gershon 16 The License: Poetics, Power, and the Uncanny 120 Susan Lepselter Part III: Ethnography of Talk: From Language Form to Social Solidarity 133 17 The Triangle of Linguistic Structure 135 Robin Tolmach Lakoff 18 The Grammar of Politics and the Politics of Grammar: From Bangladesh to the United States 141 James Wilce 19 Conversations: The Link between Words and the World 152 Leila Monaghan 20 Conversational Signals and Devices 157 Deborah Tannen 21 A Cultural Approach to Male-Female Miscommunication 168 Daniel N. Maltz and Ruth A. Borker 22 "Put Down that Paper and Talk to Me!": Rapport-talk and Report-talk 186 Deborah Tannen 23 Talking Text and Talking Back: "My BFF Jill" from Boob Tube to YouTube 199 Graham M. Jones and Bambi B. Schieffelin 24 On the Uses of Obscenity in Live Stand-Up Comedy 220 Susan Seizer 25 Swearing as a Function of Gender in the Language of Midwestern American College Students 233 Thomas E. Murray Part IV: Communication and Social Groups: The Work of Belonging 243 26 Ethnography of Communication 245 Donal Carbaugh 27 Encounters 249 Erving Goffman 28 Symbols of Category Membership 255 Penelope Eckert 29 Word Up: Social Meanings of Slang in California Youth Culture 274 Mary Bucholtz 30 Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls 298 Rachel Simmons 31 Sporting Formulae in New Zealand English: Two Models of Male Solidarity 315 Koenraad Kuiper 32 Inner-City Teens and Face-Work: Avoiding Violence and Maintaining Honor 324 Robert Garot 33 From Websites to Wal-Mart: Youth, Identity Work, and the Queering of Boundary Publics in Small Town, USA 347 Mary L. Gray 34 "If I'm Lyin, I'm Flyin": The Game of Insult in Black Language 356 Geneva Smitherman Part V: Interpersonal Communication in Institutional Settings: Structure, Agency, and the Exercise of Power 365 35 Power and the Language of Men 367 Scott Fabius Kiesling 36 Linguistic Ideology and Praxis in US Law School Classrooms 385 Elizabeth Mertz 37 Participant Structures and Communicative Competence: Warm Springs Children in Community and Classroom 395 Susan U. Philips 38 Footing 412 Erving Goffman 39 "An Association for the 21st Century": Performance and Social Change among Berbers in Paris 416 Jane E. Goodman 40 Signing 429 Leila Monaghan 41 Variation in Sign Languages 433 Barbara LeMaster and Leila Monaghan 42 The Founding of Two Deaf Churches: The Interplay of Deaf and Christian Identities 438 Leila Monaghan Appendix I: Read This First: How to Read and Present on Complex Texts 455 Appendix II: Ethnography Assignments 462 Source Acknowledgments 468 Index 473

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