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Contents

section one: Design THIS SECTION ON ENGINE DESIGN LOOKS AT HOW THE JET ENGINE CAME TO BE WHAT IT IS TODAY, AND WHY - AND WHAT ENGINEERS NEED TO CONSIDER WHEN TRANSLATING AN IDEA INTO A PROVEN, WORKING ENGINE. 6 1.1 theory and basic mechanics principles 10, gas turbines 10, aero engines 14, turbojet 15, turbofan 16, turboshafts and turboprops 16, mechanical arrangements 18 22 1.2 experience the early days 26, civil and military 28, silicon and titanium 30, land and sea 32, impact 33, development 33 36 1.3 design and development Design 40 »requirements 40, customers 40, process 41, from design to development 41 Development 42 »experimental process 42, certification 43 › civil 43 › military 47 › energy 50 › marine 51 54 1.4 environmental impact Noise 58 »control 58, sources 59, testing 64, research 65 Emissions 66 »life-cycle 66, species 67, airports and LTO cycle 69, trends 69 72 1.5 performance design point performance 76, off-design 77, ratings 79, transient 79, starting 81, testing 82, civil 84, military 84, industrial 85, marine 86 THIS SECTION,COMPONENT DEFINITION, STARTS AT THE FRONT OF THE ENGINE AND FOLLOWS THE AIRFLOW THROUGH TO THE REAR. IT THEN LOOKS AT THE OTHER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS THAT NEED TO BE INTEGRATED WITH THE ENGINE. section two define 92 2.1 fans and compressors configurations 96, aerodynamics 96, subsystems 101, industrial and marine 108, rigs 109, future 109 112 2.2 combustors combustion 116, architecture 117, fuel injectors 120, cooling 122,modelling 124, testing 124, integrity 124, challenges 126 130 2.3 turbines principles 134, types 134, design methodology 137, energy transfer 137, cooling 138, components 140, evolving considerations 144 148 2.4 transmissions rotor support structures 152, gearboxes 154, shafts 158, bearings 159 164 2.5 fluid systems Air systems 168 »bleed 170, elements 170, operating envelope 173, design challenge 173, integrity 173, monitoring 174 Fuel systems 174 »operation 174, description 175, aircraft interaction 175, FADEC 176, heat management 179, fuels 179 Oil system 180 »description 180, components 182, design challenge 186, integrity 187, monitoring 187, oils 187 190 2.6 control systems principles 194, control laws 194, components 196, civil 197, military 202, helicopter 202, marine 203, energy 203 section three deliver THERE ARE GOOD REASONS WHY THE JET ENGINE DELIVERS IN SERVICE: THE NATURE OF THE JET ENGINE DESCRIBED IN SECTION ONE; THE ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE OF SECTION TWO; AND THE ABILITIES TO MANUFACTURE, MAINTAIN, AND ADAPT. 208 3.1 manufacture and assembly Manufacture 212 »materials 212, casting 212, machining 213, drilling 214, joining 216, blisks 218, finish 219, composites 219, inspection 219 Assembly 221 »module assembly 221, engine build 223 226 3.2 installations externals 230, civil 231,military 236, stealth 237, test beds 238, energy and marine 238, fire 240, ice 241, reheat 243,V/STOL and vectoring 244 248 3.3 maintenance On-wing maintenance 252 »scheduled 252, unscheduled 252, monitoring 252, ETOPS 254, testing 255 Off-wing overhaul 255 »cleaning 256, inspection 257, repair 257, balancing 259, testing 260, engine management 261, industrial 262, marine 262 266 3.4 the future today 270, tomorrow 271, technologies 275, materials 275, compression 275, combustion 276, turbines 276, noise 277, more electric 277 280 glossary and conversion factors 282 the index 288 bibliography, credits, and thanks

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